Herniated Lumbar Disc

A herniated lumbar disc occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a lower back disc bulges or ruptures through its tough outer layer, irritating nearby spinal nerves.

Symptoms

• Sharp lower back or buttock pain
• Radiating leg pain (sciatica)
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg or foot

Causes

• Natural, age-related disc degeneration
• Heavy lifting using improper form
• Sudden twisting motions or direct spinal trauma

Risk Factors

• Excess body weight adding stress to the spine
• Repetitive physical labor or prolonged sitting
• Smoking and genetic predisposition

Diagnosis 

A thorough physical examination supported by diagnostic imaging—such as MRI, CT, or X-ray scans—to pinpoint disc damage and nerve compression.

Treatment

• Conservative: Physical therapy, target medications, and epidural steroid injections.
• Surgical: Minimally invasive disc surgery for persistent or severe cases.