Shoulder Instability & Recurrent Subluxations

Shoulder instability occurs when the structures surrounding the joint fail to keep the ball of the upper arm bone securely in its socket. This leads to recurrent subluxations, where the joint partially slips out of place repeatedly.

Symptoms

• Persistent joint pain and weakness
• Sensations of slipping, catching, or giving way
• Limited mobility and a loose feeling during arm movement

Causes

• Prior acute shoulder dislocations
• Torn ligaments or labrum (such as a Bankart lesion)
• Natural, congenital joint laxity (loose ligaments)

Risk Factors

• Participation in contact or overhead sports (football, baseball, swimming)
• History of shoulder trauma
• Connective tissue disorders causing hypermobility

Diagnosis

Specialists assess stability through targeted physical exams, stress tests, and imaging like X-rays or MRIs to evaluate soft tissue and bone damage.

Treatment

• Non-Surgical: Physical therapy, rotator cuff strengthening, activity modification, and anti-inflammatory medication.
• Surgical: Arthroscopic labral repair (Bankart repair) or capsular shift to tighten loose ligaments.