Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation

An injury where the collarbone (clavicle) becomes displaced from the breastbone (sternum). Anterior dislocations move forward; posterior dislocations move backward.

Symptoms

• Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the joint
• Visible deformity or a "bump"
• Pain when moving the shoulder or arm
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing (posterior dislocations)

Causes

High-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents, contact sports collisions, or severe falls onto the shoulder.

Risk Factors

• Participating in contact sports (football, rugby)
• Age under 25 (ligaments are still maturing)
• History of shoulder trauma

Diagnosis

Evaluated through a physical examination, X-rays, and frequently a CT scan to precisely map the bone displacement and check for trauma to nearby vital structures.

Treatment

Mild cases utilize ice, pain management, and a sling. Displaced joints may require manual repositioning (closed reduction) or surgical stabilization.