Shoulder Ligament Injuries & Sprains

A shoulder sprain occurs when the tough fibrous ligaments stabilizing the joint are stretched or torn, most commonly affecting the acromioclavicular (AC) or glenohumeral joints.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and tenderness
• Swelling and bruising
• Limited range of motion
• Joint instability, popping sensations, or shoulder weakness

Causes

• Falling directly onto an outstretched hand or shoulder
• Hard impacts or collisions during athletic activity
• Sudden, forceful pulling or twisting of the arm

Risk Factors

• Participation in contact sports (football, rugby) or overhead sports (baseball, tennis)
• Repetitive heavy lifting or manual labor
• History of previous shoulder instability or injuries

Diagnosis 

A clinical physical exam paired with digital imaging—such as X-rays to assess bone alignment or an MRI to evaluate the severity and grade of the ligament tear.

Treatment

• Non-Surgical: Rest, ice, sling immobilization, anti-inflammatory medications, and targeted physical therapy to restore strength.
• Surgical: Minimally invasive arthroscopic or reconstructive surgery for complete tears or chronic instability.